Caledonia is a village in Caledonia Township, Boone County, Illinois, United States. It is part of the Rockford, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 183 at the 2020 census. A post office was established as Caledonia Station in 1853 and renamed Caledonia in 1883. Caledonia is a literary name of Scotland. Caledonia Congregational …Caledonia is a village in Caledonia Township, Boone County, Illinois, United States. It is part of the Rockford, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 183 at the 2020 census. A post office was established as Caledonia Station in 1853 and renamed Caledonia in 1883. Caledonia is a literary name of Scotland. Caledonia Congregational Church was founded in 1894.